Instruction

Your job is to make a good match: Research Question → Qualitative Design → Data Source.

How scoring works (Pretest / Posttest)

Each item gives 2 points: 1 point for the correct Design and 1 point for the correct Data source.

Design	What it studies	Clues in the RQ	Example RQ
Phenomenology	Lived experience and meaning	“lived experience”, “meaning”, “how do they feel”, perceptions	What is the lived experience of Grade 11 learners during weekly research consultations?
Case study	A bounded case: one class, one program, one school	Specific setting/section, “this program”, “implementation”	How is the peer-tutoring program implemented in Section EROS this quarter?
Ethnography	Culture, norms, routines of a group/community	“culture”, “norms”, “traditions”, “group practices”	What classroom norms shape how students participate during group discussions?
Grounded theory	Build an explanation or process model from data	“process”, “stages”, “how it develops”, “model”, “theory”	How do students develop strategies to manage academic stress over a quarter?
Narrative inquiry	Stories across time (journeys, turning points)	“story”, “journey”, “over time”, “since”, timeline	What stories do working students tell about balancing work and school?

Data source	Best for	Notes
Interview	Detailed personal explanations	Good for phenomenology, grounded theory, narratives.
Focus group	Shared views, group norms, agreements/disagreements	Good for ethnography and school issues with many perspectives.
Observation	What people actually do in real settings	Best for routines, classroom practices, interaction patterns.
Document analysis	Existing written/posted materials	Policies, outputs, reflections, modules (with permission).
Artifact analysis	Student work or objects that show practice	Notebooks, outputs, posters, worksheets, portfolios (with permission).

Example 1

RQ: What is the lived experience of students who failed Mathematics last quarter?

Design: Phenomenology • Data: Interviews

Example 2

RQ: How is the peer-tutoring program implemented in one Grade 11 section?

Design: Case study • Data: Observation + documents

Example 3

RQ: What classroom norms influence participation during recitations?

Design: Ethnography • Data: Observation + focus group

Example 4

RQ: How do students develop study routines across a quarter?

Design: Grounded theory • Data: Interviews + reflections

Example 5

RQ: What stories do transferee students tell about adjusting to a new school?

Design: Narrative inquiry • Data: Interviews

Example 6

RQ: How do learners explain why they prefer online resources over textbooks?

Design: Phenomenology • Data: Interviews

Example 7

RQ: How do group leaders manage conflict during performance tasks?

Design: Grounded theory • Data: Interviews + observation

Example 8

RQ: How do school clubs maintain traditions and group identity?

Design: Ethnography • Data: Observation + documents

Example 9

RQ: How is the research notebook system used by one class?

Design: Case study • Data: Documents + short interviews

Example 10

RQ: What turning points do students describe in learning to speak English confidently?

Design: Narrative inquiry • Data: Interviews

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